Explaining how the soul and body relate is one of the issues that arises after accepting the duality of the two. One type of RELATIONship between the soul and the body is the acceptance of causality between the two and the impact between them. Mulla Sadra considers the body as the material cause of the soul and then refers to the interaction of the soul and the body; While Foster only deals with the second aspect. Foster, a follower of Cartesian dualism, offers a way for the problem of CASUAL pairing and explains how a mind and a body are united. This problem of CASUAL pairing of a specific soul to a specific body is eliminated in Sadra's philosophy with principles of corporal contingency and the unity of soul and body and this is the effectiveness of Sadra's view. According to Sadra, soul and body are two sides of the same being; but Foster, introduces psychophysical arrangement for the unity of them. The way of this connection in Sadra's philosophy leads to a kind of unity that can better explain the interaction of them; but that will remain unanswered for Foster. Mulla Sadra explores the problem ontologically, and Foster suffices with an epistemological explanation. Examining the effectiveness of the solutions presented by them is one of the aims of this article.

This essay wants to reply to one of the most important ontological problemes that the theory of existential gradation can justify numerical manyness of beinges or not? This research at the first step will show that the gradational RELATIONship between two things logically dependes on vertical and CASUAL linkage waist them. So that the gradational relevance is neccessarily vertical. And so horizontal gradation is paradoxical concept like "roundel square". Therefore realization of gradational respect among horizontal beinges is impossible. Thus the theory of existential gradation cant explain numerical multiplicity of the instances of a species. In the second stage of this essay we criticize and refuse the viewpoints of Allamehe Tabatabaei, Martyr Motahari and Javadi Amoli about the coherency among the horizontal manyness of objects and the theory of existential gradation.

Considering the importance of trainers’ effectiveness in athletes’ success and guidance, noting the influential and related psychological factors in this trend can be applicable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the causal RELATIONs of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence with sport trainers’ effectiveness considering intermediate role of self-efficacy. 300 sport trainers through multi stage cluster sampling are chosen randomly, and completed the emotional-social intelligence Bar-On (2000), The comprehensive spiritual intelligence Am ram Dryer (2007), the self-efficacy Sheerer (1982), and the trainers’ effectiveness of Felitz et al (1999) questionnaire. Having taken into consideration the findings of this study, self-efficacy can be reminded as a partial medium role in conceptual model of study. In addition emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence are significant in trainers’ effectiveness. So, having emotional and spiritual intelligence to achieve ideal effectiveness is necessary and as two important variable can have a significant role in anticipation of trainers’ self-efficacy and effectiveness.

It is well-known that “CASUAL conditional” in Islamic logics has been used with two meanings: “specific conditional” and “general conditional”. However, viewing the works of the Muslim logicians, we find out that these two meanings of “CASUAL conditional” have been interpreted in two various ways: each of the general and specific conditionals is sometimes interpreted as the condition of “non-necessity” and sometimes as without “condition of necessity”. We have named these two interpretations as “negatively conditioned CASUAL” and “unconditioned CASUAL”. On the other hand, we have indicated that there are examples in our great figures’ works of logics, which are not consistent with any of the above-mentioned meanings for “CASUAL” and the only interpretation that can be presented of them is “material implication” and “truth-functional implication” referred to in modern logics. We have named this meaning as “most general CASUAL”. In this article, we have found another meaning for CASUAL conditional, which is used in natural language, but we do not find any reference to it in the earlier and contemporary works, and those are the CASUALs whose premise is false or impossible. Borrowing the idea of “verbal implication” from Khawja Nasir, we have named them “verbal CASUAL”.

Background: Osteoporosis is a growing health problem worldwide, and priority setting of researches and prevention efforts is a necessary issue.Methods: In our study, we calculated the Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) index and avoidable burden of osteoporosis related to low calcium intake, smoking, reduced sun exposure, low physical activity, low body mass index (BMI) and systemic glucocorticoid therapy. These risk factors all can be intervened. Data about prevalence, CASUAL effect and counterfactual prevalence of any of the above risk factors were obtained from different Iranian (and if needed non-Iranian) studies that contained best qualified evidence that was attainable.Findings: When counterfactual prevalence was considered 0% (theoretical minimum risk), GIFs of smoking, low calcium intake, reduced sun exposure, low physical activity, low BMI and systemic glucocorticoid therapy, were 0.038, 0.038, 0.110, 0.290, 0.211 and 0.020, respectively. When appropriate feasible minimum risk was considered as counterfactual prevalence, GIFs of smoking, low calcium intake, low physical activity, and systemic glucocorticoid therapy were 0.019, 0.010, 0.140 and 0.007, respectively.Conclusion: Interventions that reduce low physical activity should be given the highest priority in osteoporosis prevention strategies. However, the cost-effectiveness and practicality of any intervention must be appreciated.

Myocardial Infarction happens when blood stops flowing properly to part of the heart and the heart muscle is injured due to not receiving enough oxygen. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a non-surgical procedure used to treat the Myocardial Infarction. When PCI is success, average life expectancy of patient is increased and patient returns to normal life. Every year, part of PCI knowledge, as scientific articles, are provided to medical communities. Extraction of implicit knowledge in papers facilitated access to PCI knowledge, PCI Knowledge map shows a comprehensive picture of PCI. Knowledge map is a tool for presenting complex process and RELATION between concepts. This paper base on text mining and using Co-occurrence Analysis method, extracted causal RELATIONships between PCI concepts from abstract of 20 years paper and illustrating these RELATIONships, then Validated PCI map by experts, Importance of RELATIONships between concepts is determined Using fuzzy cognitive map. in this paper FCM is trained with AHL and DHL algorithms, result indicated PCI has scientific Structure. PCI Fuzzy Knowledge map can be used in training, process of PCI changes, and determines the most important factors that influence the success of PCI.